Dam Break Flood Analysis In Nigeria: A Case Study Of Lower Usuma Dam, Bwari, Abuja (Fct)
Research areas: | Year: | 2014 | |||||
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Type of Publication: | Article | Keywords: | Flood Wave, Discharge, Inundation, Reservoir, Peak Hydrograph | ||||
Authors: |
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Journal: | Journal of Environmental Sciences And Policy Evaluation | Volume: | 4 | ||||
Number: | 2 | Pages: | 41 - 72 | ||||
Month: | December | ||||||
Abstract: | Dams are built for water supply, hydropower, flood mitigation
and irrigation purposes to support development for the benefit
of mankind. However in the event of dam break, the great
energy stored in the impounded reservoir will cause colossal and
significant loss of human lives, and damage to properties and
infrastructures. The damage is compounded by short warning
time available. As a result of the high potential hazard dam
failure poses to the downstream area, a dam break flood analysis
becomes very important. Dam break flood analysis on Lower
Usuma Dam was carried out using parametric simulation tool,
BOSS DAMBRK hydrodynamic flood routing model. This was
employed to determine the maximum peak discharge
hydrograph, flood travel times, peak to time stage, and the flood
water velocities for a reach length of one kilometre downstream
of the dam. These parameters would provide the basis for
adequate planning and prediction of downstream hazard
potentials in the event of failure. An inflow hydrograph with a
peak of 17,591 m3/s was adopted for the simulation and a peak
discharge hydrograph of 17,623 m3/s was obtained. A maximum
flow velocity of 2.64 m/s having a peak discharge of 17,592 m3/s
at 0.1 km downstream was obtained. The sudden drop in
velocity from 2.64 m/s at station 2 (0.1 km) to 1.54 m/s at station 5
(1.0 km) with a peak discharge of 15,685 m3/s showed that the
flood peak velocity steadily reduced as the flood wave
attenuated downstream the dam due to the geometry of the river
channel. In the event of failure of Lower Usuma dam, some areas
within the one kilometre reach length downstream considered
would suffer significant inundation due to flood released from
the reservoir. Therefore, development activities within this
region should be controlled. |
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